Abstract
FORMS OF WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION IN TURKISH SOCIETY: POST-TANZIMAT PERIOD (1839-1923)
This study explores the roles and organizational forms of women in the Ottoman Empire, focusing on the period following the Tanzimat reforms (1839-1923). During this era, the transformation of foundations (waqfs) into institutional structures providing services in health, education, and social aid marked a significant development in civil society organizations. The increase in women’s foundations and societies (cemiyetler) highlights their growing involvement in social activities. Additionally, women utilized media outlets such as newspapers and magazines to enhance their visibility in the public sphere. The research examines the concepts of organization, civil society, and civil society organizations, with a specific focus on women's organizational methods during and after the Tanzimat period. The study identifies 27 foundations (societies), 14 newspapers, and 18 magazines. It analyzes the roles of women in these organizations, their areas of influence, and their activities in both societal and media contexts. The findings aim to illuminate the participation and impact of women in public and civil domains in Ottoman society during the Tanzimat era and beyond.
Keywords
Women, Women's Organizations, Civil Society, Non-governmental Organizations, Ottoman Empire.
