Abstract
METAFOR VE DÜŞÜNME İLİŞKİSİNDE YENİ YAKLAŞIMLAR
Today, some approaches about the metaphor phenomenon cause us to question our basic philosophical assumptions about the concepts of mind, reason, thinking and language in the history of philosophy. In our study, we will evaluate two traditional and contemporary approaches to the metaphor phenomenon within the framework of the normativeness of human thinking. In terms of traditional approaches, metaphor has no other feature than being an element of the figurative language belonging to the fields of poetry and rhetoric. It is seen as a dangerous tool that can cause philosophy and scientific thinking to deviate from the truth. In recent years, the views that metaphor is one of the most important and essential elements for the human mind have been discussed. Contemporary Metaphor Theory, especially put forward by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, challenges traditional philosophy's understanding of metaphor. According to the new approach, metaphor emerges as an unconscious mental process that is at the basis of thinking, reasoning, comprehension and understanding processes, based on the findings of the physical structures formed in the nervous system through experience in the early stages of the human brain. In this way, some metaphors reflect our thinking processes, our understanding, our cultural and social consciousness, etc. In short, they carry and produce conceptual contents that have an impact on all cognitive processes surrounding our lives. Therefore, metaphor is an essential element in all thinking processes that form the basis of philosophy and science. Thus, it points to the profound difference in approach created by contemporary scientific findings in the definition of 'thinking animal', which is the most accepted definition in the history of philosophy, and a transformation that appears at the beginning of the scientific revolution in philosophy. It is extremely important to address this extremely new process in order to predict the philosophy of tomorrow.
Keywords
History of Philosophy, Metaphor, Cognitive Science, Language, Thinking
