Abstract
THE TRANSITION FROM WOMEN’S EDUCATION TO MUHTELİT EDUCATION/MIXED EDUCATION DISCUSSIONS AND TURKISH ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS
In the Ottoman Empire that entered the disintegration period in the 19th century, reforms were started in order to save the state. The innovations that were previously made mostly in military field were made in many areas, including law, education, political, financial, etc. after the Tanzimat Edict. Therefore, the Tanzimat Edict is a turning point for the expansion of the scope of innovation. In this context, many innovations have been made in the field of education, and first, new schools apart from the madrasahs in western style have begun to open. The understanding of education in Europe which changed as a result of Reform and Renaissance has not only influenced the Ottoman Empire to open new schools in western style. As a matter of fact, the issue of women's education in Europe came into the agenda in the 19th century, and after the Tanzimat in the Ottoman Empire, the issue of women's education came into question and the Ottoman intellectuals presented ideas on this issue. Again, the issue of women's education in Europe has led to discussions on how to educate women in separate schools or in mixed education with men. These developments in Europe were also reflected in the Ottoman Empire, and gradually the debates on mixed education in Europe came to the agenda. Initially, these debates were given in the form of European educational developments, and in time it was applied in the Ottoman Empire. The increasing debate in Second Constitutionalist Period continued at the beginning of the Republic and its applicability was discussed. This is a teacher who organize the debate and in 1924 the first congress of the Teachers Association of Turkey also participated. Turkish Association of Teachers which was a teacher organization and held its first congress in 1924 participated in these discussions too. In the study, the views and practices about women's education and mixed education issues from the Ottoman to the early Republican period were handled and evaluated with a historical perspective. In addition, the newspaper, magazines, and the minutes of the Turkish Association of Teachers in the studied period were used.
Keywords
Education, Women's Education, Mixed education, Turkish Association of Teachers
