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URBAN ENCROACHMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE VISUAL POLLUTION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD (AL-ANDALUS NEIGHBORHOOD) CASE STUDY
In recent years, the city of Baghdad has witnessed a great urban development, as its borders expanded and its edges expanded, and the land became crowded with its residents, buildings and cars, but this development brought with it many negatives and problems. In fact, the old problems were not solved, but rather more problems came than challenging ones. As for the causes of these problems that the city of Baghdad suffers from, it is the absence of proper planning and planning that is not compatible with the growth of the city and the increase in its population, because most of the plans that were drawn up for the city of Baghdad are old plans that do not fit with the increase in the population and the uses of the land in it, so this situation resulted in architectural distortions and loss The distinctive Arab architectural identity of the city of Baghdad, so academics and specialists in this field must develop studies and research aimed at addressing all the negatives that the city of Baghdad suffers from and bringing it to what it was before and addressing the phenomenon of visual pollution, which has become a feature of every neighborhood of Baghdad.
Therefore, this study came, which sheds light on a major problem that the city of Baghdad began to suffer from, which is the problem of urban encroachment, which relates to all the actions that individuals do in an unplanned manner. Al-Andalus neighborhood, and as it is known, these optical phenomena cannot be measured by precise measuring devices, but we can measure them based on tangible or intangible indicators that depend on the public taste and the opinions of the residents of the neighborhood. For the large sample size, (6%) of the sample size was relied upon, which is up to (33) questionnaire forms. On lands designated for housing, sidewalks and fencing them, public parks, or changing commercial or industrial uses without prior planning, all of these cases serve to visually distort the urban landscape of the city.
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